Best Writer
Best Writer
A writer is a person who uses written words in different styles and techniques to communicate ideas. Writers produce different forms of literary art and creative writing such as novels, short stories, books, poetry, plays, screenplays, teleplays, songs,
and essays as well as other reports and news articles that may be of interest to the public. Writers' texts are published across a range of media. Skilled writers who are able to use language to express
ideas well, often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society.
The term "writer" is also used elsewhere in the arts and music – such as songwriter or a screenwriter – but as a standalone "writer" normally refers to the creation of written language. Some writers work
from an oral tradition.
Writers can produce material across a number of genres, fictional or non-fictional. Other writers use multiple media – for example, graphics or illustration – to enhance the communication of their ideas. Another recent demand has been
created by civil and government readers for the work of non-fictional technical writers, whose skills create understandable, interpretive documents of a practical or scientific kind. Some writers may use
images (drawing, painting, graphics) or multimedia to augment their writing. In rare instances, creative writers are able to communicate their ideas via music as well as words.
As well as producing their own written works, writers often write on how they write (that is, the process they use); why they write (that is, their motivation); and also comment on the work of
other writers (criticism).
Writers work professionally or non-professionally, that is, for payment or without payment and may be paid either in advance (or on acceptance), or only after their work is published. Payment is only one of the motivations of writers and many are not paid for their work.
The term writer is often used as a synonym of author, although the latter term has a somewhat broader meaning and is used to convey legal responsibility for a piece of writing, even if its composition is anonymous, unknown or collaborative.
A writing system is a method of visually representing verbal communication, based on a script and a set of rules regulating its use.
While both writing and speech are useful in conveying messages, writing differs in also being a reliable form of information storage and transfer.
Writing systems require shared understanding
between writers and readers of the meaning behind the sets of characters that make up a script.
Writing is usually recorded onto a durable medium, such as paper or electronic storage, although non-durable methods may also be used, such as writing on a computer display,
on a blackboard, in sand, or by skywriting.
Reading a text can be accomplished purely in the mind as an internal process, or expressed orally.
Writing systems can be placed into broad categories such as alphabets, syllabaries, or logographies,
although any particular system may have attributes of more than one category.
In the alphabetic category, a standard set of letters represent speech sounds. In a syllabary, each symbol correlates to a syllable or mora.
In a logography, each character represents a semantic unit such as a word or morpheme. Abjads differ from alphabets in that vowels are not indicated, and in abugidas or alphasyllabaries
each character represents a consonant–vowel pairing. Alphabets typically use a set of less than 100 symbols to fully express a language,
whereas syllabaries can have several hundred, and logographies can have thousands of symbols.
Many writing systems also include a special set of symbols known as punctuation
which is used to aid interpretation and help capture nuances and variations in the message's meaning
that are communicated verbally by cues in timing, tone, accent, inflection or intonation.
Writing systems were preceded by proto-writing, which used pictograms, ideograms and other mnemonic symbols.
Proto-writing lacked the ability to capture and express a full range of thoughts and ideas.
The invention of writing systems, which dates back to the beginning of the Bronze Age in the late Neolithic Era of the late 4th millennium BC,
enabled the accurate durable recording of human history
in a manner that was not prone to the same types of error to which oral history is vulnerable.
Soon after, writing provided a reliable form of long distance communication.
With the advent of publishing, it provided the medium for an early form of mass communication.
The main elements inherent to communication have been described as:
The formation of communicative motivation or reason.
Message composition (further internal or technical elaboration on what exactly to express).
Message encoding (for example, into digital data, written text, speech, pictures, gestures and so on).
Transmission of the encoded message as a sequence of signals using a specific channel or medium.
Noise sources such as natural forces and in some cases human activity (both intentional and accidental) begin influencing the quality of signals propagating from the sender to one or more receivers.
Reception of signals and reassembling of the encoded message from a sequence of received signals.
Decoding of the reassembled encoded message.
Interpretation and making sense of the presumed original message.
These elements are understood to be broadly overlapping and recursive activities rather than steps in a sequence. For example, communicative
actions can commence before a communicator formulates a conscious attempt to do so, as in the case of phatics; likewise, communicators modify
their intentions and formulations of a message in response to real-time feedback (e.g., a change in facial expression). Practices of decoding and interpretation are culturally enacted, not just by
individuals (genre conventions, for instance, trigger anticipatory expectations for how a message
is to be received), and receivers of any message operationalize their own frames of reference in interpretation.
The scientific study of communication can be divided into:
Information theory which studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information in general;
Communication studies which concerns human communication;
Biosemiotics which examines communication in and between living organisms in general.
Biocommunication which exemplifies sign-mediated interactions in and between organisms of all domains of life, including viruses.
The channel of communication can be visual, auditory, tactile/haptic (e.g. Braille or other physical means), olfactory, electromagnetic, or biochemical.
Human communication is unique for its extensive use of abstract language. Development of civilization has been closely linked with progress in telecommunication.
